The sustained increase of cardiovascular risk following COPD exacerbations: meta-analyses of the EXACOS-CV studies

BACKGROUND: The EXAcerbations of COPD and their OutcomeS on CardioVascular disease (EXACOS-CV) multi-database studies have consistently shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular event following COPD exacerbations, but with some risk temporality variations. EXACOS-CV results were meta-analysed to increase their generalisability and improve precision. METHODS: Studies conducted in Canada, the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Japan and England were meta-analysed, amounting to 1 030 875 individuals. Generally, each study included individuals aged

• Nordon, C.
• Simons, S. O.
• Marshall, J.
• Müllerová, H.
• Pollack, M.
• Bengtsson, C.
• Hoti, F.
• Lobier, M.
• Salosensaari, A.
• Santos, A. C.
• Vogelmeier, C. F.
• Rhodes, K.