Type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases: targets, therapies and unmet needs

Over the past two decades, significant progress in understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases has enabled the identification of compounds for more than 20 novel targets, which are approved or at various stages of development, finally facilitating a more targeted approach for the treatment of these disorders. Most of these newly identified pathogenic drivers of type 2 inflammation and their corresponding treatments are related to mast cells, eosinophils, T cells, B cells, epithelial cells and sensory nerves. Epithelial barrier defects and dysbiotic microbiomes represent exciting future drug targets for chronic type 2 inflammatory conditions. Here, we review common targets, current treatments and emerging therapies for the treatment of five major type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases - atopic dermatitis, chronic prurigo, chronic urticaria, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps - with a high need for targeted therapies. Unmet needs and future directions in the field are discussed.

• Kolkhir, P.
• Akdis, C. A.
• Akdis, M.
• Bachert, C.
• Bieber, T.
• Canonica, G. W.
• Guttman-Yassky, E.
• Metz, M.
• Mullol, J.
• Palomares, O.
• Renz, H.
• Ständer, S.
• Zuberbier, T.
• Maurer, M.