The mnemonic "MR SOPA" (Mask adjustment, Repositioning head/airway, Suctioning, Open mouth, Pressure increase and Alternative airway) facilitates remembering corrective steps when ventilation during neonatal resuscitation is inadequate. Here, we critically evaluate the scientific evidence for each step and appraise the usefulness of the mnemonic as a sequential guidance in airway management of newborn infants: Mask: Size and placement are crucial to minimize mask leak and airway obstruction. Firm top and flexible edges may help form a better seal, while mask shape seems to be less important. Two-person holding technique may optimize applied tidal volumes. Repositioning: A neutral head position in newborns may improve airway patency. Suctioning: Suctioning should be reserved for infants with perceived airway obstruction to reduce vagal stimulation or tissue damage. Open the mouth/airway: There is no data on opening the mouth per se. Airway maneuvers like chin lift and jaw thrust may improve airway patency. Pressure increase: Despite weak evidence, increased PIP of
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