Exposure to metal oxide nanomaterials potentially occurs at the workplace. We investigated the toxicity of two Fe-oxides: Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles and nanorods; and three MFe(2)O(4) spinels: NiZnFe(4)O(8), ZnFe(2)O(4), and NiFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles. Mice were dosed 14, 43 or 128 μg by intratracheal instillation. Recovery periods were 1, 3, or 28 days. Inflammation - neutrophil influx into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid - occurred for Fe(2)O(3) rods (1 day), ZnFe(2)O(4) (1, 3 days), NiFe(2)O(4) (1, 3, 28 days), Fe(2)O(3) (28 days) and NiZnFe(4)O(8) (28 days). Conversion of mass-dose into specific surface-area-dose showed that inflammation correlated with deposited surface area and consequently, all these nanomaterials belong to the so-called low-solubility, low-toxicity class. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks were observed for both Fe(2)O(3) particles and rods, in BAL cells three days post-exposure. To our knowledge, this is, besides magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)), the first study of the pulmonary toxicity of MFe(2)O(4) spinel nanomaterials.
- Hadrup, N.
- Saber, A. T.
- Kyjovska, Z. O.
- Jacobsen, N. R.
- Vippola, M.
- Sarlin, E.
- Ding, Y.
- Schmid, O.
- Wallin, H.
- Jensen, K. A.
- Vogel, U.
Keywords
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- DNA Damage
- Lung/*drug effects
- Metal Nanoparticles/*toxicity
- Mice
- Iron
- Metal oxides
- Nanomaterial
- Nickel
- Pulmonary
- Zinc
