The immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies nivolumab and ipilimumab have distinct but complementary mechanisms of action. Several phase III and IV studies have assessed the activity and safety of dual checkpoint inhibitor blockade in first-line setting of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The randomized, open-label, phase III CheckMate 9LA trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in Overall Survival (OS), Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Response Rate (ORR) for patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and two cycles of chemotherapy compared to those who received chemotherapy alone.
