The updated S3 guideline on the "Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Patients with Nosocomial Pneumonia", published in January 2024, provides evidence- and consensus-based recommendations aimed at improving care for this prevalent hospital-acquired infection. Replacing the 2017 version, the guideline was developed through an interdisciplinary process involving 14 professional societies. It includes 26 recommendations, covering extended diagnostic strategies (including multiplex PCR, biomarkers, and BAL) and tailored antimicrobial therapy. Key innovations include shortened treatment durations, targeted use of combination regimens, integration of viral and fungal pathogens, and a flowchart to guide empirical therapy. Emphasis is placed on antibiotic stewardship, reevaluation strategies, and resistance management. The guideline remains valid until February 2029.
