Intracellular and extracellular activities of V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) modulated by immunosuppressive factors of tumour microenvironment

V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a unique immune checkpoint protein, which was reported to display both receptor and ligand activities. However, the mechanisms of regulation of VISTA activity and functions by factors of tumour microenvironment (TME) remain unclear and understanding these processes is required in order to develop successful personalised cancer immunotherapeutic strategies and approaches. Here we report for the very first time that VISTA interacts with another immune checkpoint protein galectin-9 inside the cell most likely facilitating its interaction with TGF-

• Abooali, M.
• Schlichtner, S.
• Lei, X.
• Aliu, N.
• Ruggiero, S.
• Loges, S.
• Ziegler, M.
• Hertel, F.
• Volckmar, A. L.
• Stenzinger, A.
• Christopoulos, P.
• Thomas, M.
• Klenova, E.
• Meyer, N. H.
• Boussios, S.
• Heaton, N.
• Zen, Y.
• Zamalloa, A.
• Chokshi, S.
• Urbani, L.
• Richard, S.
• Kirubendran, K.
• Hussain, R.
• Siligardi, G.
• Cholewa, D.
• Berger, S. M.
• Yasinska, I. M.
• Fasler-Kan, E.
• Sumbayev, V. V.